The Islamic Conquests, spanning the 7th to the early 11th century, were marked by the rapid expansion of the Islamic Empire beyond the Arabian Peninsula, leading to the widespread dissemination of Islam and the Arabic language. This era saw the transformation of the Middle East, North Africa, and parts of Europe and Asia under Islamic rule. Concurrently, the Medieval Period, or Middle Ages, from the 5th to the late 15th century in Europe, was characterized by feudalism, the dominance of the Christian Church, and notable conflicts like the Crusades. This period also fostered advancements in art, culture, and technology, setting the stage for the Renaissance.