“The history of Palestine and Israel encompasses thousands of years of religious, political, and cultural changes in a place that is holy to three major world religions: Islam, Judaism, and Christianity.” The land has been the site of many governments, migrations, wars, and peace efforts, from old kingdoms to current battles. The Zionist movement, the creation of the State of Israel, and the continuing battles between Palestinians and Israelis are some of the most important events in modern history. This group looks into the complicated web of people, events, and stories that have shaped this area.

History of Palestine and Israel: A Comprehensive Outline

1. Ancient History

   • Canaanites and Ancient Palestine
   • Israelite Kingdoms
   • Babylonian and Persian rule
   • Hellenistic and Roman Rule

2. Islamic Conquests and Medieval Period

   • Islamic Conquest
   • Sultan Salah-Ud-Din Ayyubi
   • Crusades: Clash and Confluence of Holy Land from 1096-1291
     • The First Crusade (1096–1099)
     • The Second Crusade (1147–1149)
     • The Third Crusade (1189–1192)
     • The Fourth Crusade (1202–1204)
     • The Children’s Crusade and other Crusade

3. Ottoman Rule (1517–1917)

   • Integration into the Ottoman Empire
   • Tanzimat era and reforms

4. Zionist Movement and Early Jewish Immigration

   • Emergence of Zionism in Europe
   • First Zionist Congress in Basel (1897)
   • Aliyahs: Series of Jewish immigrations

5. British Involvement and Mandate Era

   • Hussein-McMahon Correspondence (1915–1916)
   • Sykes-Picot Agreement (1916)
   • Balfour Declaration (1917)
   • San Remo conference (1920)
   • British Mandate (1918-1948)
   • King-Crane Commission (1919)
   • Arab Revolts and British White Papers
   • UN Partition Plan (1947)

6. State of Israel and Early Conflicts

   • Establishment of Israel (1948)
   • 1948 Arab-Israeli War and Palestinian refugee crisis
   • 1949 Armistice Agreements
   • Palestinian Fedayeen Raids in the 1950s and 1960s
   • Suez Crisis (1956)

7. Major Wars and Conflicts

   • Six-Day War (1967) and the beginning of Israeli occupation
   • Yom Kippur War (1973)
   • Lebanon War (1982)

8. Palestinian Movement and Intifadas

   • Formation and activities of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO)
   • First Intifada (1987-1993)
   • Madrid Conference (1991)
   • Oslo Accords (1993-1995)
   • Second Intifada (2000-2005)

9. Key Peace Efforts and Agreements

   • Camp David Accords (1978)
   • Hebron Protocol (1997)
   • Camp David Summit (2000)
   • Annapolis Conference (2007)
   • S.-brokered talks (2013-2014)

      10. Gaza and Hamas

• Israel’s disengagement from Gaza (2005)
• Rise of Hamas and Gaza Blockade from 2007
• Various conflicts involving Gaza

      11. Contemporary Issues and Developments

• Israel’s Security Barrier from 2002
• Ongoing settlement activity in the West Bank
• Status and significance of Jerusalem
• Palestinian efforts for international recognition
• Recent peace plan proposals and normalization agreements with Arab countries